Industrial cooling tower with tower-water pipes and an open cold-water basin — the open water bodies around the cooling system that AWTT covers protect
Solutions Topic

Floating Covers for Data Center Water Storage — Protect the Water Around the Cooling System

AWTT covers don't touch cooling-tower evaporation — they protect the raw, recycled, and stored water every data center relies on, cutting evaporative loss and algae on every open pond.

Data centers are under intensifying pressure over water. U.S. facilities directly consumed roughly 17.4 billion gallons in 2023, with projections rising toward 38–73 billion gallons by 2028. The industry's two fastest-growing responses — switching from potable to recycled water and holding large on-site water buffers — both create something AWTT was built for: open reservoirs, lagoons, and storage ponds that then lose water to evaporation and grow algae in the sun.

Here is the honest framing, because it makes the case stronger in front of a facilities engineer: AWTT floating covers do not reduce cooling-tower evaporation — inside the tower that evaporation is the cooling. What our covers protect is every open water body around the cooling system: raw and makeup storage, reclaimed-water reservoirs, stormwater capture, blowdown ponds, and thermal-storage buffers. On those surfaces, AWTT covers cut evaporation by up to 98%, block the sunlight that drives algae and biofouling, and keep thermal-storage water colder. Use the evaporation calculator to quantify the loss on a specific buffer pond.

The Problem — Why Open Ponds Fail

Uncovered liquid storage creates measurable operational, environmental, and regulatory risks that floating covers directly address.

Drinking-Water Withdrawals Are Under Public and Regulatory Scrutiny

Data centers in the U.S. directly consumed roughly 17.4 billion gallons of water in 2023, with projections rising toward 38–73 billion gallons by 2028 — much of it potable water drawn from the same municipal systems and aquifers communities rely on. As operators move to recycled and on-site stored water to relieve that pressure, they create large open reservoirs, lagoons, and ponds that then lose water back to evaporation.

Open Makeup & Storage Ponds Evaporate the Water You Just Bought

Raw-water buffers, reclaimed-water reservoirs, stormwater capture ponds, and blowdown holding ponds all sit open to the sky. In arid data-center markets — Arizona, Texas, Nevada, the Middle East — these surfaces lose 60–100 inches of depth per year. Every gallon evaporated off a buffer is a gallon you must withdraw again to refill it.

Reclaimed Water Grows Algae That Threatens Cooling Uptime

Reclaimed and recycled water is far more nutrient-rich and biofouling-prone than potable water. Left open to sunlight, storage reservoirs bloom algae and biofilm that carry downstream into cooling-tower fill and heat exchangers — fouling that degrades thermal performance and forces unplanned maintenance. For a data center, that is an uptime and treatment-chemical problem, not just a water problem.

Solar Heat Gain Warms Thermal-Storage and Free-Cooling Ponds

Sites that use ponds for thermal storage or "free cooling" need that stored water cold to be useful as cooling capacity. An uncovered pond absorbs solar radiation all day, raising water temperature and shrinking the available temperature differential — directly reducing the cooling value of the buffer.

Evaporation Concentrates Treatment Chemistry

As open ponds evaporate, dissolved solids and treatment chemicals concentrate in the remaining water — destabilizing chemistry, pushing blowdown ponds toward discharge-permit thresholds, and increasing makeup-chemical and disposal costs across the water-treatment loop.

Water Risk Scales With Every New Facility

Hyperscale operators are building thousands of facilities, and each one multiplies the open-water footprint that has to be sourced, stored, and replenished. In water-stressed regions, evaporative loss off stored buffers compounds the net-withdrawal problem the industry is under pressure to shrink.

The AWTT Solution

Modular, maintenance-free floating covers engineered to directly solve data centers challenges in industrial liquid containment.

Honest Scope — We Protect the Water Around the Cooling System

AWTT covers do not reduce cooling-tower evaporation — inside the tower, evaporation is the cooling mechanism and cannot be covered. What our covers do protect is every open water body the cooling system depends on: raw and makeup storage, reclaimed-water reservoirs, stormwater capture, blowdown holding, and thermal-storage ponds. That is a defensible, engineer-credible scope.

Up to 95–98% Evaporation Reduction on Open Buffers

Floating covers create a physical barrier at the liquid-air interface that blocks solar radiation and wind-driven moisture transfer. Hexprotect® AQUA delivers up to 95% evaporation reduction; Rhombo Hexoshield® reaches up to 98% — directly cutting the net withdrawals needed to keep on-site buffers full in arid climates.

UV & Algae Control That Protects Cooling Uptime

Up to 99% surface coverage blocks the sunlight algae needs to grow. Covering a reclaimed-water reservoir suppresses algae and biofilm at the source — before it can reach cooling-tower fill and heat exchangers — reducing fouling, treatment-chemical demand, and the unplanned maintenance that threatens uptime.

Keep Thermal-Storage Water Colder

By shading the surface, covers cut solar heat gain on thermal-storage and free-cooling ponds — preserving the temperature differential that makes stored water useful as cooling capacity. For maximum thermal retention, Hexprotect® MAX R adds R-17+ closed-cell foam insulation.

Stable Chemistry, Lower Treatment Cost

Reducing evaporation by up to 98% keeps dissolved-solids and chemical concentrations stable across raw, reclaimed, and blowdown ponds — reducing makeup-chemical additions, water-quality correction, and the risk of permit exceedance from evaporative concentration.

Modular, No Basin Modification, Phased Rollout

Covers scale modularly from small buffers to multi-acre reservoirs with no structural change to the basin and no heavy equipment to install. Operators can deploy across cells in phases as capital allows — and standardize the same system across a global fleet of facilities.

Third-party validated · DOE

The closest validated analog to a hyperscale storage problem

AWTT's Rhombo Hexoshield® cover earned a 2017 U.S. Department of Energy Sustainability Award at the Savannah River Site, a large federal industrial water user. There the cover saved 55 million gallons of water per year on a single open water body — a third-party-validated result, not a marketing claim, and the closest real-world analog to a data center's open storage-pond problem.

55M
gallons saved / year
DOE Savannah River Site · Rhombo Hexoshield®

Where covers fit at a data center

A modeled hyperscale site relies on several open water bodies. The cooling tower itself stays uncovered — every buffer around it is a candidate for an AWTT cover.

Makeup & Raw Storage

Large on-site buffers of makeup and backup water. Covering cuts evaporative loss so less net withdrawal is needed to keep them full.

Up to 98% less evaporation

Reclaimed-Water Reservoir

The most common sustainability move. Covers suppress the algae and biofilm reclaimed water breeds — protecting cooling-tower fill downstream.

Algae & biofouling control

Stormwater Capture Pond

Captured rainwater treated for non-potable cooling use. Every gallon kept from evaporating offsets a fresh withdrawal.

Protects captured supply

Thermal-Storage Pond

Used as a heat sink or for free cooling. Shade plus R-17+ insulation keeps the water cold and the cooling capacity intact.

Keeps stored water cold
Interactive · Modeled estimate

Model the savings on your open water storage

Estimate the evaporation a cover protects on a data center's makeup, reclaimed, stormwater, or thermal-storage pond — not the cooling tower itself. Adjust the inputs to see live annual and 25-year savings.

acres
Climate

High plains · inland valleys · ~55″ evaporation/yr

$/ 1,000 gal
Cover product
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0 gal
Water saved / year
$0
Cost saved / year
0 gal
25-yr water saved
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25-yr cost saved

Annual evaporation — uncovered vs Hexprotect® AQUA

Uncovered pond15M gal lost/yr
With Hexprotect® AQUA747K gal lost/yr(95% reduction)

Cumulative water-cost savings

Modeled over the 25-year cover life

Savings
$0$355K$709K$1.1M$1.4MYr 0510152025

Modeled estimate for illustration. Annual loss = surface area × climate evaporation depth × 27,154 gal/acre-inch; savings apply the published cover reduction (95% Hexprotect® AQUA, 98% Rhombo Hexoshield®) over a 25-year service life. Actual results depend on site weather, water chemistry, and operations. Run the live evaporation calculator with real weather for a site-specific figure, or contact AWTT for an engineered savings and ROI analysis.

Technical Specifications — Data Centers Floating Covers

Up to 98%
Max Evaporation Control
Rhombo Hexoshield®
Up to 99%
Surface Coverage
Hexprotect® AQUA
Up to 95%
Evaporation Reduction
Hexprotect® AQUA
55M Gal/yr
DOE-Validated Saving
Rhombo · Savannah River Site
R-17+
Insulation R-Value
Hexprotect® MAX R
130+ MPH
Wind Resistance
Water-ballasted systems
25 Years
Product Lifespan
UV-stabilized HDPE
10 Years
Product Warranty
All AWTT products

Recommended Products for Data Centers

AWTT engineers recommend these floating cover systems for data centers applications.

Hexprotect AQUA hexagonal floating covers on a reclaimed-water reservoir at a data center, suppressing evaporation and algae

Coverage: up to 99% | Evaporation reduction: up to 95%

Hexprotect® AQUA

The best all-around choice for data-center reclaimed-water reservoirs and makeup-storage ponds. Up to 99% coverage delivers up to 95% evaporation reduction while blocking the sunlight that drives algae — protecting both stored water volume and downstream cooling equipment from biofouling.

Learn more →
Rhombo Hexoshield hybrid modular floating cover achieving up to 98% evaporation reduction on a large stored-water buffer

Evaporation reduction: up to 98% | DOE Award winner

Rhombo Hexoshield®

AWTT’s highest-performance evaporation control. The Rhombo Hexoshield® reaches up to 98% evaporation reduction and earned a 2017 U.S. Department of Energy Sustainability Award at the Savannah River Site, where it saved 55 million gallons of water per year — the closest validated analog to a hyperscale storage-pond problem.

Learn more →
Hexprotect MAX R insulated floating cover with R-17+ foam keeping a thermal-storage pond cold for free-cooling use

Insulation: R-17+ | Frost resistance: –70°F

Hexprotect® MAX R

For thermal-storage and free-cooling ponds where keeping stored water cold is the goal. R-17+ closed-cell foam insulation plus full surface shading cut solar heat gain — preserving the temperature differential that makes a buffer pond useful as cooling capacity year-round.

Learn more →

Frequently Asked Questions — Data Centers

Common questions from engineers and operators evaluating AWTT floating covers for data centers.

Can AWTT floating covers reduce my data center’s cooling-tower water use?

No — and we say so plainly, because it is the honest engineering answer. Inside a cooling tower, evaporation off the fill media is the cooling mechanism; covering it would break the cooling. What AWTT covers protect is every open water body around the cooling system: raw and makeup storage, reclaimed-water reservoirs, stormwater capture ponds, blowdown holding ponds, and thermal-storage ponds. As data centers shift to recycled water and on-site storage, those open buffers grow larger and more numerous — and that is exactly where floating covers cut evaporative loss, suppress algae, and protect uptime.

Why do covers matter most on reclaimed and recycled water?

Reclaimed water is the single most common data-center sustainability move, but it is far more nutrient-rich and biofouling-prone than potable water. Stored open to sunlight, a reclaimed reservoir blooms algae and biofilm that carry downstream into cooling-tower fill and heat exchangers, degrading thermal performance and forcing unplanned maintenance. Up to 99% surface coverage with Hexprotect® AQUA blocks the sunlight algae needs — controlling fouling at the source and reducing treatment-chemical demand. That is an uptime argument as much as a water-savings one.

How much water can a cover actually save on a storage pond?

It depends on surface area, climate, and the product. In an arid market losing ~80 inches of depth per year, a 10-acre open reservoir evaporates on the order of 217 million gallons annually; a cover reducing that by 95–98% saves the large majority of it. The DOE-validated Rhombo Hexoshield® at the Savannah River Site saved 55 million gallons per year on a single federal industrial water body. Use the interactive estimator on this page for a modeled figure, or the AWTT evaporation calculator at /calculators/evaporation/ with live weather for a site-specific number.

Can covers help thermal-storage or free-cooling ponds?

Yes. Ponds used as a heat sink or for free cooling only deliver value when the stored water stays cold. An uncovered pond absorbs solar radiation all day, raising temperature and shrinking the usable temperature differential. Floating covers shade the surface to cut solar heat gain, and Hexprotect® MAX R adds R-17+ closed-cell foam insulation for maximum thermal retention — keeping more cooling capacity in the buffer.

Are the covers chemically compatible with treated and reclaimed water?

AWTT covers are manufactured from UV-stabilized HDPE, which is compatible with the chemistry of most reclaimed, makeup, and blowdown water. For any specific water chemistry, AWTT screens pH, temperature, and treatment-chemical compatibility before specification and provides product density, wind rating, operating temperature, expected life, and warranty documentation for procurement.

Can the same system be standardized across a fleet of data centers?

Yes. The covers are modular, require no basin modification or heavy installation equipment, and scale from small buffers to multi-acre reservoirs. Operators building many facilities can standardize one cover system and deploy it in phases across cells and sites as capital allows — with a 25-year expected service life and a 10-year product warranty.

Ready to Solve Your Data Centers Challenge?

Contact AWTT for a custom floating cover recommendation — including site assessment, specification sheets, and ROI analysis.